Tuesday, April 30, 2019

Politicians, Corruption and the Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politicians, Corruption and the Police - Essay ExampleGovernment ex officio misuse their power for their personal benefits. The political corruption is an black act which is directly related to formalized duties. Each & every department of the government is effected with political corruption. These corruptions may include activities similar buying-off or bribery, partiality, benefaction, splice, and fraud. Such types of activities or corruptions are different in different countries. Some activities or practice like allocation of funds for some project may be legal for one country and amerciable for the other country. Allocations of big project to their relatives are also a big corruption found in government offices. By allocating the big project to their relatives the government officials got benefits. Government official have some component in funds allocated to the project. Although this money is treated as black money, still most of the government officials are practicing i t. Here we are discussing a case related to the Member of Parliament (MP) in Australia who is refer in prostitution related activities.As we have done the case study, we came to know that the Member of Parliament is involved in prostitution related activity in a regional town in commutation Queensland. This area is prohibited for prostitution and the persons who are involving in the prostitution in that area are doing illegal practices. The Member of Parliament is looking for prostitutes in the prohibited area. And after providing them with the food, money, he had a safe iniquity sleep with them. Again as per the report Member of Parliament is using his office vehicle to scat women from one place to another. Here Member of Parliament is doing two illegal operations which he should not perform. One is enhancing prostitution in the prohibited area and the use of office vehicle. Though the both types of operations are done by government official these comes under political

Monday, April 29, 2019

Korean Art History Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Korean Art story Research Paper - Essay ExampleIkutaro (9) states that the Bottle Vase is believed to have been developed in the period amongst the 918- 1392 by the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The ceramic is in the shape of a wheel-thrown stoneware that has incised and slip filled beautification and green contemplation. The report represents the autonomy of the Korean arts industry and the progressive developed from the ancient to present days. From this ceramic, it can be observed that the Korean culture is gifted with talented artists of all times. The ceramic was developed several centuries ago but remains attractive up to the present days. The silvery color of the ceramic together with the flowery carvings makes the ceramic quite unique. The flowers decorating the ceramic are a symbol of the Korean rich natural and substance abuser friendly environment. In essence the flowers represent the beauty of natural resources that are found in Korea. The communicate of the ceramic is c oated with a shiny cup. The shiny top covering can be describe to mean a bright future for the art industry. The neck of the ceramic is narrow and bulges outwards on reaching the central body. Moreover, the neck of the ceramic is upright or straight. The Bottle vase has a flat bottom base that enhances stability and gives the piece of art a notable point of view. An analysis of the artistic ardour used to develop the ceramic reveals that the art is a blend of the ancient and modern technology. For instance, the flower decorations on the sides of the ceramic is an indication that at the time of developing the ceramic civilizations had started taking roots.

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Business and marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

origin and marketing - Assignment ExampleThe company has a strong record of delivering project solutions to different clients across the globe and it can toy alongside the customers to identify the key challenges, then develop and implement powerful project management plans that are designed to meet customer expectations. The other important site in dealing with project management is track downd by Ants project Management Consultants available at accessed November 18, 2012. According to info obtained from the above mentioned website, the benefits of using this service include the following improved efficiency and increased profitability done better utilization of limited resources - enhanced planning, scheduling and cost control - leading to more consistent achievement of milestones, goals and objectives - better horizontal communications. Ideally, this is what Projects4Technology is looking for.This plan is very important since it provides the framework upon which all work w ill be carried. This kind of work has to go stage by stage so as to ensure that all the necessary information has been incorporated in the project document.Basically, a virtual judicature is a network of independent organisations linked together by information technology (IT) and it does not operate from a fixed push through since all work is done through the internet (Haag, Cummings & Dawkins, 2000). too the challenges that are likely to be encountered if the company adopts a virtual mental synthesis, it can be noted that the advantages of this structure outweigh the disadvantages. For instance, the company will save $450000 each month for office rentals. The company will in any case save $200000 of transport costs every month. This improves its viability since it will be in a fleck to lower its operational costs. The other advantage is that the internet is ubiquitous and it can be accessed from any place which

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Appalachian Mountain Top Removal (strip mining) Essay

Appalachian Mountain superlative degree Removal (strip dig) - Essay ExampleEveryone is cognizant of the dangers of black lung and cave-ins, but the coal has to be brought out at any cost. The long-suffering people in these company towns buried deep in the folded mountains and valleys of the Appalachians are the stuff of legend. Unfortunately, like most legends, the realities of modern coal mining have relegated these people to the realm of fiction. Thanks to mining methods such as Mountain Top Removal (MTR), the coal industry barely needs people at all anymore.MTR became a common method of mining coal in the 1970s. Traditional deep shaft mining using lashings of skilled labor and traditional techniques had been growing increasingly expensive due to increasing labor cost and safety regulations. Large coal companies began to use a technique commonly called strip mining, where the overburden covering the coal seams was entirely removed. This method allowed for the extraction of la rge amounts of coal using machinery instead of kind-hearted labor. This is more economical for the company but provides fewer jobs for the people most affected by the mining. MTR is ofttimes like strip mining except it happens on a massive scale. The nature of this type of mining has lead to devastating consequences for the environment, economy and society surrounding these mines.MTR in the Appalachian region, centering on the states of Tennessee, Virginia, western Virginia and Kentucky is largely a product of the geology of the area. Through geologic time, the Appalachian Mountains have been folded and compressed. Coal seams often arrive the general topography of the surrounding mountains. Traditional methods of mining involved an angled shaft that penetrated overlying resistant judder in an effort to get at the coal seam. In MTR, the entire top of a extend is blasted away, exposing the seam. The seam is then worked from top to bottom and down slope using massive dragline and excavation machinery.The environmental

Friday, April 26, 2019

Introduction to Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to market - Essay ExampleTo support this idea, in a 2006 article entitle A Look at the New Marketing Landscape, a study conducted by GlobalSpec revealed that there is a potential increase in online marketing spending (n.p.). In U.S. industrial and manufacturing sectors alone, there were 56 percent of these communities who have already signalled their intention to do so, while 7 percent plan to reduce marketing spending (A Look at the New Marketing Landscape, n.p.). As such, in Lee Traupels The New Marketing Landscape, he named some emerging marketing patterns used to advertise businesses online such as opt-in email campaigns, webcasts, lookup engine optimization and marketing, as well as portal site media and newsletter sponsorships (n.p.). The use of these patterns is necessary to maintain business success since there are tons of companies online, where a lot of them offer the akin products and seek the same audience (Ezilon.com, 2006, n.p.).Not all companies use the same marketing strategies though. Depending on their needs, businesses subscribe only those that are more appropriate to them. In the case of opt-in email campaigns, Dr Dave Chaffey asserts that its use has become cut-and-dry for businesses because of its worldwide usage.

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Comparative paper examining some aspect of the legal regime governing Essay

Comparative melodic theme examining some aspect of the legal regime governing media in Hong Kong and in the fall in States - Essay subjectUnder this principle, the media are the voice of the ruling Party and play by its rules and policies. Apart from that, the Party controls each activities of the media that pertains to news production and delivery to the public. Thus, the media only delivers what is authorized by the Party to the public. On the contrary, in America, the media operates freely with minimal interference from the government. Additionally, the media functions as a watchdog, which evaluates and monitors the actions and activities of the government. Defamation laws in these two countries clearly bring come forth the differences and similarities in media activities and regulations in America and China.Defamation in law is the act of making statements about a person, which damages the reputation of the individual in question. When in written format, deprecation is refe rred to as libel and aspersion when in spoken form. In order to understand how defamation law works in China, it is all important(p) to explore the structure and function of the legal system in China as it pertains to matters of the media. Thus, the first office of this paper will explore the legal system in China while drawing on any similarities and differences with the United States legal system. The second section will look at the background of defamation law in the United States and Chinese, and finally, the last section will draw on comparison among defamation law in China and the United States.This provision is similar to what is found in the United States Constitution, and at first, one may think that the Chinese media enjoys the same rights as that in America. However, application of the Chinese Constitution is different from that of the United States constitution. Unlike the Americans, citizens of China enjoy neither economic nor civil rights enjoyed by their American counterparts. This ineffectiveness in the application of the Constitution in China is because of the

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Analysis of Freire's educational theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Freires preparational theory - Essay ExampleIn this case, the t separatelyer fails to recognize the cognitive ability of students instead transforming them into supine learners. He writes that education suffers from narration sickness because teachers talk about the realities as if they were predictable and motionless. Teachers fill the students minds with the meat that is outside reality thus shifting the focus of education to sonority of words instead of the vicissitude power. He argues that students mechanically memorize content while their teacher is the narrator of it. My current educational ashes is related to John Deweys educational theory that suggests dialogue between the learner and the instructor. This agent changes education theme and makes it an act of depositing. According to his theory, this system introduces the banking concept of education whereby knowledge is a gift that the wise(p) bestow upon those that they consider unknowledgeable. He compares the alienation that results from the teacher-student relationship to the slaves found within Higelian dialectic and the students never thrum to discover that they also educate the teacher (Piere 73). My educational system which relates to John Dewey allows interaction with the nature by dint of experimentation and research. The dialectic or libertarian education, as he writes, lays its drive towards the reconciliation of the poles of contradiction to ensure that twain parties are simultaneously teachers and students. My educational system undergoes constant evaluation process, which aims at providing the learner with corrective measures. This fibre of education creates dialogue between the teacher and the student such that they are able to learn from each other and benefit. He adds that such a solution is impossible with the banking concept which tends to maintain and even sway such a contradiction through attitudes like those that the teacher teaches, and the students taught, or the teacher is the subject of both learning exercise while the students remain to be objects (Piere 75). He argues that the banking educations capability to conduct the creative power of students annulled or minimized then stimulates their credulity which serves the oppressors interest. The oppressors utilize their humanitarianism in near profitable situation. He adds that the oppressors have an interest of having the disposition of the oppressed changed. He mentions the oppressed as those that live just within the society and according to it. He writes that all who use the banking approach do not perceive that some contradiction about reality already exists within the deposits - a factor that may lead the students to domesticate reality later. Freire writes that something implicit within the banking concept is its assumption of the existence of some dichotomy between the human kind and the world, a concept that views an individual to be a clear spectator (Piere 78). The vi ew does also not make any distinction between access to consciousness and entrance to consciousness. He writes that the banking concept creates a distinction between the two stages of an educators action. Freires education theory is gender insensitive. It considers males as beings who are manageable and able to adapt as compared to females who do not possess these characteristics. The oppressors, according to Freire, are concerned with banking information to students minds making them resistless learners. The outcome of what they learn is transformed into

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

The loss of China to communism in 1949 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The loss of China to companionableism in 1949 - Essay Example flying needs of denying Republicans political advantage.4 There is ample evidence as yet to denote that the jingoistic forces after years of corruption and misgovernance had lost the initiative in the country. The Nationalists lacked popular support, suffered from sad morale and a corrupt leadership. The Americans supported Chiang who had lost considerable status as a subject area leader and the Nationalist Army was no match to the Communists due to break down of a go discover to fight. The Communists on the other hand could impose discipline and win over the people. The internal balance had frankincense shifted strongly in their favor.There is evidence of lack of deep rooted perception of the internal political, social and military dynamics of China within the United States which may have added to the hostility felt by the Chinese towards outside powers. Dean Acheson does reflect an understanding of the difficulty of imposing policies on the Chinese on more than one occasion.5 American fault thus lay in attempting to inflict a incompatible culture on an old and proud civilization from above.6 A corollary to the same is the antipathy towards US polity makers which arose from these cultural differences which in turn created personal animosities particularly between Stillwell and Chiang during the Great War.7 This had sown grave feelings of disbelieve in the Chinese thus neither Hurley nor citel could induce Chiang to reconcile with the Communists reflecting the calamity of US discretion to achieve the desired ends in national interest.ConclusionGiven the emerging global political dynamics and the need to control the spread of collectivism in 1945, the US could have ill afforded to be isolationist. particularly so when Britain the other great westerly power of the time had... The loss of China to communism in 1949 The initial criticism of US policies leading to loss of China came from t he Republicans who were in the opposition in 1949. The failure to provide sustained assistance to the Nationalists was the main accusation. Dean Acheson, the then Secretary of State authoritatively brings out that there was no deficiency of arms or ammunition available to the Nationalist Army in the critical year of 1948. However it is noticed that active mediation between the two antagonists, through its Ambassadors, Hurley and Marshal failed to evoke a positive response, in bringing the Communists and the Nationalists to a negotiable agreement of power sharing.The smock Paper published by the US Government in 1949 indicated that Nationalist forces had been defeated due to natural factors such as loss of confidence in leadership, corruption and the will to win. The Western powers were also conquer in achieving a positive impact due to the traditional antipathy in the Chinese against aliens who dabble in their internal polity.The issue of loss of China arose in the US immediatel y after the Nationalist forces were forced to retreat to Formosa. The Republicans attempted to gain political mileage and the Democratic Government had to undertake immediate damage control. Given the emerging global political dynamics and the need to control the spread of Communism in 1945, the US could have ill afforded to be isolationist. Particularly so when Britain the other great Western power of the time had already lost the initiative and was primarily engaged in keeping the assent of America during the 1940s through symbolic diplomacy.

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 12

International Marketing - Essay Exampleomotion of goods and services and exchange of much(prenominal) goods and services among two or more international entities in order to satisfy organizational objectives (Arnold, cc3). In this paper, the international marketing strategies and practices of the leading US multinational carbonated beverage company PepsiCo Inc. will be analysed. The company is one of the largest producers of soft drinks in the whole world. Apart from carbonated soft drinks, the product basketball hoop of PepsiCo Inc. is diversified with various foods and snacks, packaged drinking water and fruit juices. The products of the company have reached more than 200 countries in the world. Such widespread business has enabled PepsiCo Inc. to capture the second largest position in the world in terms of revenue and in North America, it is the largest. The paper will explore the international marketing and in operation(p) strategies of this world-famous beverage company, Peps iCo Inc.In the next segment, the motivation of PepsiCo Inc for expanding their business internationally and accordingly differentiated marketing, sales and dissemination strategies adapted by the company will be examined in details.As mentioned earlier, due to the liberalization of economies, many companies are showing their interest in expanding their business internationally and maximizing their profitability through portion a large number of customers beyond the family line country. In fact, observations of the big multinational companies have indicated that extensive business opportunities are lying in the emerging nations in terms of potential customer household and availability of cheap resources, utilizing which, the companies can be benefitted to a great extent (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011). The reasons behind PepsiCo Inc to participate in internationalization process are as follows.PepsiCo Inc has been operating in the beverage industry in its home market, U nited States since 1965 and has evolved as one of the leading companies in the

Monday, April 22, 2019

Existentialism is a Movement of the 20th Century Essay

Existentialism is a Movement of the 20th Century - Essay ExampleKierkegaard is known to be the father of existentialism. He is also a highly known philosopher of the 19th century. Kierkegaard developed the idea of liveliness life in a variety of stages. Aesthetical, ethical and religious were his divisions of life. In his work, he claimed that he went finished similar experiences during his lifetime, and he used the stages to establish his own philosophy of life and of human existence. He assessed the startle deuce stages with regard to the normal set of beliefs and behavior. However, the last stage developed based on individual(prenominal) and non-rational opinion leap of faith (Cooper 517). The aesthetical stage was characterized by immediacy and failure, to reflect with seriousness upon the character of a persons life. The people in this stage were defined as like temporal things and carry throughing their desires as they occurred. People become slaves to their senses and the y tend to want to fulfill desires propelled by their senses. People would tend to fulfill needs they consider appropriate and other peoples opinion did not count. The stage represents two types of lifestyles reflective and non-reflective immediacy. Alcohol, sex and drugs are some illustrations of satisfying unrefined immediacy. An individual act without thinking because the rejoicing expected does not require thinking, refined immediacy, on the other hand, characterized by thoughtful planning (Cooper 518). sometimes people think before undertaking a certain action, but the thoughts do not mould into consideration moral and ethical values. Reflection of the lifestyle embarked not put into consideration. Planning made in order to gain full satisfaction of the lifestyle. According to Kierkegaard this pleasures of life allow eventually vanish, and an individual will be caught in a moment of despair (Kierkegaard n. p). In the end, one will get fatigue of the life of luxury and satisf action would hardly be achieved.

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Cross Culture Managment - South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cross Culture Managment - sulphur Korea - Essay ExampleThe capital of second Korea, Seoul is likewise the city covering its largest area of land. Korea was a huge region that came to a lower place separation into its North and South portions by and by the end of World War II. Since the two parts of Korea were not in a pricy friendly relation from the time of their formation, therefore, it resulted in wars between them. The war was a stepping-stone for the southern region, as after the war their economy saw a dramatic boom that revolutionized the recognition and position of the country in its neighborhood (Haggett, 2002). With the economical boom, that the country experienced gave a rise to the lifestyle of its citizens, thus boosting its social sector. over the passage of time, it developed its technological, transport, manufacturing, industrial and economic sector phenomen aloney that it made its place in the humanity rankings. The country has a high commonwealth density, as a huge number of people lie in a comparatively small piece of land. Diverse cultures do no dominate the Korean population and it has come chthonic observation that a larger proportion of the populace consists of people of Korean range and Chinese people forms a minority. South Korea does not restrict its denizens to practice a particular worship and puddle the liberty to follow their religious rituals. A big faction of the people follows Christianity and Buddhism, whereas Islam, Shamanism, Confucianism, Chondogyo are the religions that comes to a lower place practice by the minorities (USA International Business Publications, 2005). South Korea is a democratic country that comes under the leaders of President but the power does not come under confinement only in the hands of the president. Legislation and Judiciary also puddle rights on the power of making legal decisions. Culture of South Korea Korean language generally known as Hangul by the natives comes under common u sage to give-up the ghost with one another. This language finds its origin from an ancient language known as Altaic, which was widely spoken centuries back. Hangul is swell up comprehendible and understandable by the locals despite of the fact that it has quite a lot of forms and accents (Connor, 2009). The language is mere(a) and easy and due to this reason, one can learn it effortlessly without difficulty. It also contributes to one of the achievements of the country that is to have a secularly qualified and educated population. Though Hangul do not relate much to the Chinese language, keep mum some Chinese characters come in association with it as an influence of the minor Chinese population residing in the South Korea. English being a universal language retains its importance amongst Koreans as well, therefore, schools have made English as a subject of learning (Connor, 2009). The attitude of the Korean population has seen a drift as earlier people had thinking that was more conservative and gender discrimination came under finding in heights. This trend saw a radical turn after the boosting of the economy and the perceptions towards the girls came under transformation. Opportunities came into the provision to the females in the world of business. The opportunities developed the concept of individualism and independence in females and they no eternal made themselves dependent on their male spouses, which uplifted their position in the society (Connor, 2009). Despite of all the success and gains that South Korea has experienced, it has retained its history and has not

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Christopher Columbus, Mariner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christopher Columbus, Mariner - Essay idealHe was an accomplished sailor and retired in 1951 as rear admiral. Morison attended Noble School at Boston and St. Pauls at Concord, New Hampshire. In 1908 he graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor of Arts degree. Morison studied at Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques, Paris, France. He by and by returned to Harvard for his postgraduate studies. Morison received his PhD from Harvard in 1912 and later began teaching there in 1915.The young adult life of Samuel Morison fell in the early nineteenth century. During the early 19th century the US was under President William Howard Taft 1908-1912 and Glen C. Mead 1912-1913 there were a lot of semipolitical activity that influenced peoples way of thinking and also there were a lot feminism ideas being short-circuit around. The rights of feminine workers were stamped clearly by the societal organizations activities. Feminized professions formed a crucial management on the socialists women organizations. During that period cold was culminating between the capitalists and communists who supported socialism.The Nazi-German forces were detaining activists from the Jewish community and later executed in cold blood. This led to an international outcry due to gross violation of humans rights by the Germans. The industrial revolution which led to mechanization had already taken shape marking the approach of weaponry manufacturing companies.Many young brains were being recruited into the forces to inject dynamism in the supremacy battles. Morison took part in the Battle of Kolombagara before returning to the mainland. Most leather factories sprung up during that period to provide boots and heavy vesture needed during that period of war. This changed the mode of dressing as time went by. He worked at the Pearl obtain which was attacked by the Japanese that led to the entrance of the USA into World War I.Morison wrote many books that are connect like the Admiral of t he sea A life of Christopher Columbus (1941), The

Friday, April 19, 2019

International Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business - Research Paper ExampleIntroduction Vodafone Group Plc is the cosmoss leading mobile network operator which has deep roots in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia peace-loving and the United States (Vodafone). The British multinational mobile network operator has subsidiaries over 25 countries. According to the reports, it has true a network of approximately 341 million customers by March 31, 2010. The society has great interests in India and Australia as these countries hold a potential market for the growth of mobile network operators. The statistical data utter that Vodafone serves 106.34 million customers in India, which constitute one third of their total customers. The Vodafone Group started its operations in India in 1994 through its Indian subsidiary Vodafone Essar. Vodafone Hutchison Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Vodafone group and they actively started operations in Australia in 1993. Vodafone claims that they shoot a dewy-eyed net work of 4.031 million customers across Australia (Facts & Figures). Company outline The mission dictation of the company reads like this We will be the communications leader in an increasingly connected humanity (Vodafone). The company gives great emphasis on product strategy. After selecting a particular segment for the product launching, the company designs a big project for influencing the customers of the targeted area. The Vodafone largely employs media advertisements by which they try to communicate unique benefits of the brands with the public. The wide range of advertisements help people to assess various services offered by the Vodafone and thereby they can ramify the companys products from that of its competitors. Likewise, the Vodafone group keeps some distinctive features in their distribution strategy also. The Vodafone Group has belatedly announced their plan to reorganize the activities of six service providers into another three new businesses. This reorganizati on intends to specifically concentrate on various market sectors such as corporate customers, small businesses, and the consumer. These different groups would have different needs and it would be possible to meet their varied needs efficiently only if the company has concentrated on specific sectors. Vodafones theory in pricing process is that it should be cheap to all but at the same time they do not compromise with product quality. ball-shaped business environment The rapid technological developments in telecommunication athletic field have encouraged the ingress of large number of new service providers into the market. Although Vodafone is one of the worlds leading companies, it faces intense arguing in India and Australia. In India, there are too many competitive service operators such as BSNL, Reliance, and Airtel. However, the Vodafone Group could establish their position in Indian telecommunication market through the application of a wide variety of promotional technique s. Similarly, an extreme competitive environment exists in Australia also in the field of mobile network service providers. The business graph of Vodafone Australia indicates its fascinating growth during the last couple of years. In auberge to overcome the complexity of cut-throat competition, the Vodafone practices the method of target marketing. They maintain separate team of researchers in order to valuate the potentials and threats of a selected

Thursday, April 18, 2019

TOM CREEKS PTY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TOM CREEKS PTY - Essay ExampleThe current detonator employed by the company is $3500, 000 and that is the price that we argon putting on the table, as a result, we are which means that we are not paying any good give to the company and taking over a economic business. This is a good thing as we are investing in a profitable asset.Sir, I may also like to present you the profitability report of the company. The company has formed a profit of $653,000 in the last fiscal year. If this trend continues and we invest in the company, we are going to earn an ROI of 19%. This very good return and will earn us a profit treasure greater than if we deposit the money in our bank account. This ROI is among the return rates on higher sides and will be able to help us earn a decent amount of return on our investment.As far as the share capital is concerned, it is around 56% of the companys resources. This is an ideal ration and the company is neutrally geared. due to this, our interest expenses will be low and we will be able to retain much of what we earn. Similarly, the companys working capital is in a very good position. We can easily clear our debts without endangering the companys liquidity position. Similarly, as we can see that the company has idle cash lying around in the form of excess working capital, we can put it to interest earning securities and this will further improve the companys profitability and we help us recover our investment.In the end,

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

The London Toile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The London Toile - Essay ExampleThe urban landscape in numerous UK cities seems to be changing all the time, modern buildings have become icons that give us a noticeable sense of identity, and there fore the London Toile seemed a perfect expression of where we were coming from.I could go on and on, but to sum things up we do love some of the traditional designs from the past, but its great variation to give them a new angle, to make them speak to us in the present. This cloth speaks so much(prenominal) about the lifestyle of the ro humanitytic, peaceful and carefree London. Printed in the fabric, were green different images of the romantic and carefree lifestyles in contrast to a cream linen which made it more beautiful and attractive.There are 8 images injected to a bright cream fabric, showered with flying and feeding doves were a images of lovers overlooking the Great London noseband across the lake under the tree infront of bench. It is such a very romantic site which made this fabric perfectly ideal for lovers, designed to fit on sofa sets, love rests or even curtains in a lovers bedroom.Next to this image is the city itself, overlooked across the ocean with a lone man walking away from it. This peaceful and solemn serenity of the scene depicts the mood of the sunset, being ready for a relaxing dinner and sleep on your way to your home. Having this fabric hanged in your living room makes you disembodied spirit that you are glad to be home with your family, celebrating the union before the end of the day.Timorous Beasties have not actually changed much in the Toile concept.

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Agency Relationship Essay Example for Free

means Relationship EssayAgency relationship is a consensual relationship between two parties, where one and only(a) party, the head, gives authority to another party, the divisor, to act on behalf of and under the control of the principal to deal with a trinity party, thereby creating a fiduciary relationship. The rightfulness of agency allows one person to employ another to do his/her work, sell his/her goods, and acquire property on his/her own behalf. Although a principal- element relationship can be created by a contract between the parties, a contract is not necessary if it is obvious that the two parties intend to act as principal and agent. The intent of the parties can be expressed with words or implied by their actions. The principal can authorize the agent to perform a variety of tasks or restrict the agent to specific functions, but no matter how much authority is given to the agent, the agent represents the principal and is dependent to the principals control at all times. More important, the principal is liable for the consequences of the actions that the agent performed, and the actions and words exchanged between an agent and a third party are binding to the principal.This is known as vicarious financial obligation and it is the reason business owners moldiness(prenominal) be extremely careful of who they hire to represent his/her company. Agency hypothesis is the idea that the agent does not always have the principals best interests in mind. A voluntary, good faith relationship of trust, known as a fiduciary relationship, exists between a principal and an agent, and there are four main elements of fiduciary duty that the agent has toward the principal for the principals protection. The first requires the agent to exercise a duty of loyalty to the principal. An agent cannot receive outside benefits without the authorization of the principal, share confidential information, fraternize with the competition of the principal, work for the principals competition, deal secretly with his/her principal, and must exercise confiscate behavior while representing the principals interests. An agent who acts in his/her own interest violates the fiduciary duty and will be financially liable to the principal for any losses the principal suffers due to the breach of the fiduciary duty.The here and now of these duties is the duty to obey instructions. This states that an agent must follow the directions of the principal unless by doing so, the agent would break the law or put himself/herself or others in danger. The third fiduciary duty is the duty of care, which states that an agent must use reasonable care to protect the interests of the principal. And the third of these duties is the duty to provide information. This duty says that an agent must give any and all information to a principal if that information concerns the principal. The duties that a principal has to an agent are the duty to reimburse the agent, and the d uty to cooperate with the agent.

Big Data in Companies Essay Example for Free

king-sized Data in Companies searchBig info (also spelled Big Data) is a general term used to describe the voluminous union of uncrystallized and semi-structured selective information a comp some(prenominal) creates information that would take too much time and comprise too much money to load into a relational infobase for analysis. Although Big entropy doesnt refer to any specific quantity, the term is often used when speaking ab disclose petabytes and exabytes of information. A primary goal for expression at loose data is to discover repeatable business patterns. Its generally accepted that unstructured data, nigh of it located in text files, accounts for at least 80% of an arrangings data.If leftfield unmanaged, the sheer volume of unstructured data thats gene prescribed each year within an enterprise bunghole be costly in terms of storage. Unmanaged data can also pose a obligation if information cannot be located in the situation of a compliance audit or lawsuit. Big data analytics is often associated with cloud reckon because the analysis of large data sets in real-time submits a framework like MapReduce to distribute the work among tens, hundreds or even thousands of computers. Big data is data that exceeds the affect cleverness of conventional database systems.The data is too big, moves too fast, or doesnt fit the strictures of your database architectures. To gain apprize from this data, you mustiness choose an alternative way to process it. The hot IT buzzword of 2012, big data has call on viable as cost-effective set outes have emerged to tame the volume, velocity and variability of massive data. Within this data lie valuable patterns and information, previously hugger-mugger because of the amount of work required to extract them. To leading corporations, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Walmart or Google, this power has been in reach for some time, but at fantastic cost. todays commodity hardw atomic number 18, cloud architectures and open source bundle bring big data touch into the reach of the less well-resourced. Big data bear upon is eminently feasible for even the small service department startups, who can cheaply rent server time in the cloud. The value of big data to an organization falls into two categories analytical use, and enabling new products. Big data analytics can reveal insights hidden previously by data too costly to process, such as peer influence among customers, revealed by analyzing shoppers transactions, social and geographical data.Being able to process every item of data in clean time removes the troublesome need for sampling and promotes an investigative feeler to data, in contrast to the somewhat atmospherics nature of running predetermined reports. The past decades successful web startups are ancient examples of big data used as an enabler of new products and services. For example, by combining a large takings of signals from a users actions and those of their friends, Facebook has been able to craft a highly personalized user pay off and create a new kind of advertising business.Its no coincidence that the lions share of ideas and tools underpinning big data have emerged from Google, Yahoo, Amazon and Facebook. The emergence of big data into the enterprise brings with it a necessary counterpart agility. Successfully exploiting the value in big data requires experimentation and exploration. Whether creating new products or guessing for ways to gain belligerent advantage, the subscriber line calls for curiosity and an entrepreneurial outlook. What does big data look like? As a catch-all term, big data can be pretty nebulous, in the aforementioned(prenominal) way that the term cloud covers diverse technologies.Input data to big data systems could be babble from social networks, web server logs, traffic flow sensors, satellite vision, b drivewaycast audio streams, banking transactions, MP3s of rock music, the field of web pages, sca ns of government documents, GPS trails, telemetry from automobiles, financial market data, the list goes on. Are these all really the same function? To clarify matters, the three Vs of volume, velocity and variety are commonly used to characterize different aspects of big data. Theyre a helpful lens through which to view and understand the nature of the data and the software plans available to exploit them.Most probably you will contend with each of the Vs to one degree or an new(prenominal). Volume The benefit gained from the ability to process large amounts of information is the main(prenominal) attraction of big data analytics. Having more data beats out having better models simple bits of math can be unreasonably effective given large amounts of data. If you could run that forecast taking into account 300 factors rather than 6, could you bid demand better? This volume presents the nigh immediate challenge to conventional IT structures. It calls for scalable storage, and a distributed approach to querying.Many companies already have large amounts of archived data, perhaps in the form of logs, but not the capacity to process it. Assuming that the volumes of data are larger than those conventional relational database infrastructures can cope with, touch options break down broadly into a choice between massively parallel processing architectures data warehouses or databases such as Greenplum and Apache Hadoop-based solutions. This choice is often informed by the degree to which the one of the other Vs variety comes into play.Typically, data warehousing approaches involve predetermined schemas, suiting a regular and slowly evolving dataset. Apache Hadoop, on the other hand, places no conditions on the structure of the data it can process. At its core, Hadoop is a platform for distributing computing problems across a number of servers. First developed and released as open source by Yahoo, it implements the MapReduce approach pioneered by Google in com piling its search indexes. Hadoops MapReduce involves distributing a dataset among seven-fold servers and operating on the data the map stage. The partial results are wherefore recombined the reduce stage.To store data, Hadoop utilizes its own distributed filesystem, HDFS, which makes data available to multiple computing nodes. A typical Hadoop usage pattern involves three stages * loading data into HDFS, * MapReduce operations, and * retrieving results from HDFS. This process is by nature a batch operation, suited for analytical or non-interactive computing tasks. Because of this, Hadoop is not itself a database or data warehouse solution, but can act as an analytical adjunct to one. One of the most well- cognise Hadoop users is Facebook, whose model follows this pattern. A MySQL database stores the core data.This is then reflected into Hadoop, where computations occur, such as creating recommendations for you based on your friends interests. Facebook then transfers the results b ack into MySQL, for use in pages served to users. Velocity The importance of datas velocity the increasing rate at which data flows into an organization has followed a similar pattern to that of volume. Problems previously restricted to segments of industry are now presenting themselves in a much broader setting. Specialized companies such as financial traders have hanker turned systems that cope with fast moving data to their advantage.Now its our turn. Why is that so? The net profit and mobile era means that the way we deliver and consume products and services is increasingly instrumented, generating a data flow back to the provider. Online retailers are able to compile large histories of customers every click and interaction not just the final sales. Those who are able to quickly utilize that information, by recommending additional purchases, for instance, gain competitive advantage. The smartphone era increases again the rate of data inflow, as consumers carry with them a st reaming source of geolocated imagery and audio data.Its not just the velocity of the incoming data thats the issue its possible to stream fast-moving data into bulk storage for later batch processing, for example. The importance lies in the focal ratio of the feedback loop, taking data from input through to decision. A commercial from IBM makes the point that you wouldnt cross the road if all you had was a five-minute old snapshot of traffic location. there are times when you simply wint be able to wait for a report to run or a Hadoop job to complete.Industry terminology for such fast-moving data tends to be either streaming data, or complex event processing. This latter term was more established in product categories before streaming processing data gained more widespread relevance, and seems likely to diminish in favor of streaming. There are two main reasons to consider streaming processing. The first is when the input data are too fast to store in their entirety in order to k eep storage requirements practical some level of analysis must occur as the data streams in. At the extreme end of the scale, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN generates so much data that scientists must discard the overwhelming majority of it hoping hard theyve not thrown away anything useful.The atomic number 42 reason to consider streaming is where the application mandates immediate response to the data. Thanks to the rise of mobile applications and online gaming this is an increasingly common situation. Product categories for handling streaming data divide into established proprietary products such as IBMs InfoSphere Streams, and the less-polished and still emergent open source frameworks originating in the web industry peeps Storm, and Yahoo S4. As mentioned above, its not just about input data.The velocity of a systems outputs can matter too. The tighter the feedback loop, the greater the competitive advantage. The results might go directly into a product, such as Facebook s recommendations, or into dashboards used to drive decision-making. Its this need for speed, particularly on the web, that has driven the development of key-value stores and columnar databases, optimized for the fast retrieval of precomputed information. These databases form part of an umbrella category known as NoSQL, used when relational models arent the right fit.Microsoft SQL Server is a comprehensive information platform offering enterprise-ready technologies and tools that help businesses derive maximum value from information at the lowest TCO. SQL Server 2012 launches near year, offering a cloud-ready information platform delivering mission-critical confidence, breakthrough insight, and cloud on your terms find out more at www. microsoft. com/sql. Variety Rarely does data present itself in a form perfectly ordered and ready for processing. A common theme in big data systems is that the source data is diverse, and doesnt fall into neat relational structures.It could be text from social networks, image data, a piercing feed directly from a sensor source. None of these things come ready for integration into an application. blush on the web, where computer-to-computer communication ought to bring some guarantees, the reality of data is messy. Different browsers send different data, users withhold information, they may be using differing software versions or vendors to communicate with you. And you can bet that if part of the process involves a human, there will be error and inconsistency.A common use of big data processing is to take unstructured data and extract ordered meaning, for consumption either by humans or as a structured input to an application. One such example is entity resolution, the process of determining just what a name refers to. Is this city London, England, or London, Texas? By the time your business logic gets to it, you dont want to be guessing. The process of moving from source data to processed application data involves the di smissal of information. When you tidy up, you end up throwing stuff away.This underlines a principle of big data when you can, keep everything. There may well be useful signals in the bits you throw away. If you lose the source data, theres no going back. Despite the popularity and well understood nature of relational databases, it is not the case that they should incessantly be the destination for data, even when tidied up. Certain data types suit certain classes of database better. For instance, documents encoded as XML are most versatile when stored in a dedicated XML store such as MarkLogic.Social network dealings are graphs by nature, and graph databases such as Neo4J make operations on them simpler and more efficient. Even where theres not a radical data type mismatch, a disadvantage of the relational database is the static nature of its schemas. In an agile, exploratory environment, the results of computations will evolve with the detection and extraction of more signals. S emi-structured NoSQL databases touch on this need for flexibility they provide enough structure to organize data, but do not require the exact schema of the data before storing it.

Monday, April 15, 2019

The toxicity of chemicals Essay Example for Free

The toxicity of chemicals studyRemedy I would not endorse hazardous waste landfill, waste preaching plant, deep jibe well, or incinerators near a residential community because of the hazardous threats brought by the chemicals. Even though they are built so that the trash of chemical plants and the residue from pest control, there are some cause where there is a leakage that shtup harm the community. Hazardous waste landfills are built so that the waste from chemical processes can be dumped in this area. They are designed to resist the index of the chemicals. A deep guessing well is a special kind waste landfill where the chemical residues are injected on the soil so that not to penetrate more from the environment and to the atmosphere. While a waste treatment plant treats the chemicals that lessen the impact of hazards of the chemicals. They used methods and even chemicals to in order for the hazardous chemical power be minimized. While an incinerators burned chemicals in a combustion chambers. All these methods are al or so meliorate because they are designed by engineers to minimize the effects of hazardous chemicals.But somewhat they have drawbacks. If good deal who operate this kind of methods did not operate well and accurate, they are big chances that the community will be getting toxic. And this consumes more land that must be used by the people in the community. (Network, 2005) The most practical way to response to this problem is to locate a dumping site or a site that will be building up by the waste treatment plant, deep injection well, or incinerators that is far from a community.In this way, the toxicity of chemicals that can affect the health of people can be minimized. But the most remedy to this problem is to minimize the use of chemicals that harms the human health as well as the environment. We must seek on the natural ways in preventing pest in our farms. Reference Network, S. W. A. (2005). Landfill. Retrieved February 20, 2007, from http//www. ccthita-swan. org/Tutorials/landfill. cfm

Sunday, April 14, 2019

Transformation of Rome from Republic to Empire Essay Example for Free

Transformation of capital of Italy from Republic to Empire Essay wish so many agricultural cultures, Rome began as a city-state somewhat 600 B.C. It was founded by descendants of Indo-Germanic invaders from central Europe who merged with former Italian peoples. The papistic language and many basic affable patterns were inherited from the local anesthetic farmers who had populated the region long in the lead the city was founded. But the city itself borrowed from an earlier Italian civilization, the Etruscan, slightly to the north, and to a lesser extent from Hellenic colonies in the south. This gave form to early Roman religion and also to political structure.Rome began as a kingdom under Etruscan rule. But about 509 B.C. the Roman aristocracy overthrew the king, and Rome became an juicy republic not unlike the Greek city-states. Intense local civic pride was part of this pattern, as in Greece, including a willingness to sacrifice self in the touch of the state. Heroic military action by a few individuals, such as the fabled Horatio safekeeping the bridge over the Tiber river against an Etruscan army, gained Rome increasing independence. Roman family structure was the basis of this kind of culture. It emphasized loyalty to the father, although the mother was honored as well.Even though the aristocrats competed for power, they could unite when loyalty to the state was at stake, because they had been skilful to subordinate themselves to the common good, just as children were taught to yield to family interest. Religion was another binding force, as was the servant with which aristocrats treated the common people of the city.In the early days of the republic there was much hearty tension, but uprisings gave the citizens of the lower class, whatever their wealth, their own representatives, called tribunes, to oversee their interests in the government. The first law code, the famous xii Tables, was introduced about 450 B.C. this restrained the upp er class from arbitrary action. By the third century B.C., citizens of the lower class, called plebeians, could be select to public office and pass laws.The Roman city-state was not like the Greek. The Roman people met in assemblies, but the assemblies were called and run by officers. There was no choosing of leaders by lot two consuls were elected by the people each year to serve as executive director and military leaders, and almost ever so these were aristocrats or wealthy plebeians.The consuls scrutinized each others activities so that neither could seize power behind the scenes the aristocracy could ordinarily run the show. Aristocratic power was formalized in the Roman senate which was composed of anyone who had held public office and who thusly served as senator for life. This group had only advisory powers, but, composed of experienced and prestigious men, its influence was considerable and it impart stability to the state.The picture of the Roman state around 250 B.C. proved so attractive to many westerly political theorists long after the republic was gone that it was copied, at least partially, by a emcee of horse opera political governments. What was particularly appealing about the Roman arrangement was its balance.Underwritten by definite laws which defend the rights of the citizens, the Roman government checked unlimited democracy without yielding to total upper-class rule and it prevented executive dictatorship. The element between a popular assembly and an upper-class senate was to be imitated many times. Although legislative consent was predominant, there were separate judges and a separate executive here was a hint of division of powers and it seemed to work well.Based on political stability, Rome prospered and began a pattern of conquest which none of the Greek city-states had been capable of. Internally, the population increased, which is always a creative factor if properly channeled. Conquest offered the means of distributing the superabundance population and of providing wealth for the masses, which helped keep them quiet. Also, Rome was well situated, being in the center of Italy, for once the Etruscans had been beaten(a) and their culture collapsed, there were few powerful rivals surrounding Rome. Finally, the Romans were lenient rulers.Nevertheless, over time the republic itself became unviable. The aristocratic Senate no longer provided consistent wisdom and the populace vied for favors from the rich, particularly the victorious generals. Rome had implicitly elect between a balanced republic and an empire, in favor of the latter, and this made a military authorities inevitable. By 31 B.C. Augustus had defeated his rivals. The Republic was dead, and the Roman Empire, a political structure governing Rome and all the colonies, was now to be created. The empire turned out to be Romes major contribution to the western arsenal of political precedents.Not surprisingly, given the major Roman interests, f ormal culture remained limited until the stand century of the republic, when Greek models were copied and Greek artists and writers, some of them slaves, worked directly for Roman patrons. The Romans did not blindly copy their painting, for example, differed from what we sock of the Greek, showing more realistic portrayals of nature and the human form.Hence, Roman statuary, often busts of the great men of the day, reflects attendance to individual facial traits more than the stylized approach of the Greeks. However, the central cultural contribution was to spread a Greco-Roman art and literature to the vast empire and particularly to Western Europe, where such products had never before been known.Textbook writing, increasingly important as Roman creativity waned in the later empire, helped preserve the rudiments of breeding not only for the Romans themselves but for later ages.BibliographyHeitland, W. E. A Short History of the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press, 1911.

Friday, April 12, 2019

Benefits of Employee Collaboration Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Employee Collaboration EssayWithin the modern workplace, in that respect is an ongoing debate as to if traditional problem solving or employee collaborationism produces the topper results. nonetheless up though some people see employee collaboration as a waste of time, employee collaboration should be encouraged because non only give the axe it benefit the company, it gives employees the opportunity to grow. When an employer encourages open collaboration with its employees in set to solve a problem, many positive outcomes can occur. In his article Improving Efficiency by Improving Employee Collaboration Brian Middle stated Tasks can be completed more powerfully since individuals argon concentrating on areas that they are well versed in and not in areas they struggle with. This thought growth takes the pressure off of one individual to have entirely the answers to every problem in previous of them. Yes, it is up to the person in charge to ultimately make th e final choice as to how to embrace a problem, but expecting them to have all the information at any given time is not good business practice.Bringing together a team to solve a problem creates an atm of individual and company growth by giving each employee an opportunity to succeed, and having a more effective way of completing the tasks. At my own place of employment, a lot of the decisions are solely do by one individual on a day to day basis. This individual, while he is a fairly good leader is in no position to make choices concerning my work. As required by the state I live in, in order to perform my duties as a Wastewater Operator, a large amount of schooling and licensing must be obtained. With my job, I must make decisions about what to do when a large amount of rain has fallen in a short time frame. The process, in my opinion should be a combined decision by me, the other operator, and the Town Manager. The operators should be sufficient to give him the vital informa tion about what would happen with each scenario, our professional opinion as to how to outgo handle it, and then discuss it.This process would take roughly 10 15 minutes, and wouldnt come upon the overall plant performance. However, this is not the case. We are told what he wants us to do without our input, and this has at times take to bad outcomes. The mine-is-better dress seems to be the issue within our organization. Working with a lot of older gentlemen, I have noticed that any suggestion given to someone is immediately shot down due(p) to egos. Instead of taking a little bit of time to review all the information from individuals with a more knowledgeable background on the subject, a decision is made from one persons point of view. Luckily, for all major decisions that do not need immediate attention we have a Town Council who must put it to a vote. As simple as this seems it should be, there are some mine-is-better habits within the council as well.There are many routes I could take in order for my manager to overcome his habit of mine-is-better when making decisions. One of the approaches I can take would be to encourage him to take a sec to listen to what options we have, and how it would best suit him and the town to think things through. Giving him all of the information at hand, even if he hasnt asked for it plants the seed within his own mind to consider everything before coming to a conclusion. The other option I can think of, is taking it solely out of his hands by involving the Department of Environmental Management.Having them simply explain to him that it is up to the operators themselves to draw the conclusion on what is best establish upon the professional standing they have may help him realize that his way is not always the best way of doing things. The town I live in and work for would greatly benefit from open collaboration with its employees. Many of us our highly trained individuals, who take great pride in their field of choic e. With so many different departments, no one person can expect to know how everything operates and works within the entire town. Many laws and regulations confront us daily while we perform even the simplest of tasks. Being able to talk to each other, to know how each decision made can affect the other departments and their processes can help us avoid unwanted extra paperwork and fines.

Thursday, April 11, 2019

Conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 Essay Example for Free

Conservative dominance in the old age 1951 to 1964 EssayThe main land for non state-of-the-art dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 was fag out disunity? chafe the validity of this view I agree with this statement as the childbed company leaders were ageing. The promote leaders were from the pre- struggle era therefore it meant that they were not in touch with the population. This direct to toil disunity throughout the years as it caused Attlee to retire, he found that he couldnt understand what the young cherished. For the human race they go forth their consecrate with the labour companionship and put it in the conservatives as they felt that labour had failight-emitting diode to create the consumer revolution that everyone had hoped for. By 1951 the public were likewise fed up with the rationing that they still had to endure even though the war had ended 6 years ago therefore this helped the conservative dominance in those years. Another solid ground as to why l abour disunity was to blame for labour dominance was the gro go split in the fellowship caused by the Bevanites and Gaitskillites. The split in the party was due to Gaitskell introducing prescription and dentistry charges. Bevan supported the left extension phone of the party whereas Gaitskell supported the right make itg of the party and followed Attlee in becoming the next leader of labour politics. The split light-emitting diode to disunity as Gaitskell didnt nonplus the full support of the party his ideas were always dismission to be argued against. Another agent why the split caused disunity in the labour party was to do with the work unions. The trade unions were supporting the left wing of the party this was a problem particularly during the Scarborough conference in 1960. postmark Cousins was the leader of the one of the most powerful unions, TGWU (transport and general workers) and was an extreme left wing. He led fierce opposition to Gaitskell over Britains nuclea r weapons. Gaitskell wanted Britain to have nuclear weapons because of the looming threat of Russia, during the frigorific war they could wipe out countries at any time. At the party conference in Scarborough Frank Cousins opposed Gaitskells leadership over the labour party and in particular nuclear weapons. He challenged Gaitskell over his decision not to refect unilateral disarmament. This caused disunity in the party because it showed to the public how weak the labour party was if a trade union leader, who had no power within the party was able to dictate what they did. It showed to them that someone who was a small minority was able to gather a lot of power. It was humiliation for Gaitskell because it showed he wasnt able to control what was happening to the party. Alsodisunity in the party was due to the fact that the left wing of the party was closely associated with CND (campaign for nuclear disarmament). The left wing side of the labour party were in party favor of nuclear disarmament and being machine-accessible with nuclear disarmament scared many labour supporters. some(prenominal) people were not in favour of nuclear disarmament as it was at the height of the cool war and they were scared of a nuclear war happening this link between the CND and the labour party could have led to many selectrs turning away from the labour party in the 1959 election.Another reason which could have turned people away from voting for the labour party in the 1959 election was the connectedness of CND being anti-government. Their unilateralism became a powerful magnet for anti-government protest in some ways it almost was seen as a substitute for opposition in government. With many labour left-wingers associated with one of the most powerful pinch groups in Britain it made people question the ideas that the labour government had and their ability to run the country. The final reason for a split in labour disunity was clause four. Clause four was the commitment to nationalisation of everything which was a step towards socialism and communism. Gaitskell put forward the idea to abolish this clause and labours commitment to nationalisation to nationalisation. He was impressed with the way Germany had dumped their commitments to Marxist ideas in their party conference in 1959. Many people including the left wing of labour opposed this idea and Gaitskell had to back down from his idea. With events happening in the world connected with socialism and communism, the abolishment of clause four was linked to the ideas of radical socialism which scared people as it was too close to communism for their liking. However it wasnt just the labour disunity that caused the conservative party to run dominant. The conservatives had strengths of their own that they used to the best of their ability. When conservatives came into power in 1951 it marked the end of the austerity era and the proceed of the post war boom. From 1952 most economic indicators pointed upwards with the boom in car willpower, home ownership increased, helped by the easy access to cheap mortgages and food rationing ended completely in 1954.Harold Macmillan who was wherefore the housing government minister fulfilled the election pledge of getting unexampled homes constructed above 300,000 per year. The age of magnificence helped keep the conservatives dominant in politics as it meant the public saw that partyas the ones who could pull a change. Also the conservatives keeping their promises meant the public would respect them. In the run up to the 1955 election butler was able to boost conservative election prospects with a throw away-away budget. This meant for people in the middle classes would be provided with 134 one thousand thousand in tax cuts. For these middle classes it meant an overwhelming support in favour of the conservatives because of the classes that might not have been able to afford the consumer goods were given a chance to. For the conservati ves in the 1955 general election the public mode was what was described as a feel good factor. They wanted the continuation of the consumer goods and therefore they would continue to vote for the conservatives as they saw them as the party who would be able to offer them it. Another reason for conservative dominance was that the national press was overwhelmingly in favour with the conservatives. During the 1955 election this helped win support and it also helped during Macmillans time as prime minister. Macmillan seemed to have the media in the palm of his hand using the new political opportunities that were provided by the television. With the conservative party gaining wide spread coverage throughout the country and labour not, it meant people knew more about the conservative party. With the national press focusing on the conservatives it gave them enough attention to win the elections crushing labour in every defeat. An important reason for the conservative dominance was the pe rsonalities that led the party.Winston Churchill gained his reputation for leading Britain to victory during the war. However during his post war leadership he was very oftentimes absent and Anthony Eden the acting prime minister led the conservatives. Eden was the prototypal prime minister that the public felt they could understand what they wanted. Anthony Eden was said to have represented contemporary manhood. This led the public to believe that for the first time after the war they would receive the benefits that they wanted. Eden has also many progressive ideas in domestic affairs however in the end this was his downfall. The Suez crisis split the conservative party and for the first time it looked like they would be weakened and labour would take power however it didnt. Eden was resigned in 1957 and Harold Macmillan who led the campaign to abort the Suez crisis emerged as prime minister.He restored the party unity and in the 1959 led the conservatives to another win in the e lection. Macmillan from 1957 showedhis aura of confidence and political mastery. This showed to the public that the politicians and leaders in the party were strong willed and would do anything in their power to protect their country. This gave the conservatives the respect that they needed to go on and win the elections. Overall I think that although the labour party were weak, and this weakness led to the conservatives dominating politics and government conservative dominance was due to the power that the leaders had. The people saw that this party was able to give them everything they wanted with the age of affluence. Also conservatives made sure that labour supporters would change sides as they gave respect to the labours post war consensus. With keeping with the post war consensus it showed to the people they were leaders who knew what they party wanted and not the ageing leaders in the labour party.

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

George Bush Speech Analysis Essay Example for Free

George scrubbing Speech Analysis EssayGeorge Bush begins the lyric with a solemn address and informs the people of the States about the tragic events that unfolded. The aim of this speech was to reassure the public that they are now safe and the perpetrators will be brought to justice. The use of inclusive pronouns, such(prenominal) as we and our, is just one of the ways in which he builds a sense of unity and to irritateherness with the audience. He makes it feel like he is equal to them and shares their pain and will help them through their struggles. In the southward paragraph, Bush begins on talking about the severity of the attacks. He speaks about the variety of people that died, the victims were on the airplanes, or in their offices-secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers, moms and dads. As well as the victims in the plane, he includes the hard-working office workers and the devoted federal workers who lost their lives trying to save others. He ends the line with moms and dads and friends and neighbours, trying to get empathy from the audience that critical children have lost their parents and ordinary people have lost their close friends. by and by on, George Bush then gives a sense of hope to the nation. He says that the attacks demonstrate the strength of the country and says America is the brightest beacon for freedom and that the attacks cannot touch the foundation of America. George Bush then tries to take a little credit in the emergency response by using the words I implemented so that the people still support him as a president. Bush then reassures the public by express that he will take every precaution to protect our citizens. He goes on to show the constancy of the financial institution and economy.President Bush then expresses his gratitude to the workers and congressmen who joined him strongly in condemning these acts. He talks about the other world leaders who offered their condolences by thanking them de arly. The tragedy of 9/11 was an waken for America. George W. Bush effectively used the emotions of a saddened country and was able to win over the hearts of many Americans. The rhetorical devices and inclusive pronouns he included in his speech create a definite imprint of reassurance with the general public.

Monday, April 8, 2019

The theory of Initial Ocean and atmosphere Essay Example for Free

The theory of sign Ocean and atmosphere EssayIn 1953 Stanley Miller put the atmosphere consisting of hydrogen, methane, ammonia and steam to the experimentation with electricity discharges. At that some of the numerous amino acids forming albumen were generated. However he succeeded to get b atomic number 18ly intravenous feeding of twenty amino acids infixed for any life-forms to appear. Even in fifty years scientists are still unable to get experimentally all the twenty amino acids needed under conditions that bath be called possible. Miller supposed that the initial Earth atmosphere was similar to that inside his experimental camera. why? He and his colleague expressed the reason laterSynthesis of biologically important compounds takes place except under restoration conditions (without any free type O in atmosphere). But according to his opponents oxygen is essential for the beginnings of life on Earth. The difficulty arisen is described by Hitching as following If ther e was any oxygen in the air the first amino acid would never arise and if there wasnt it would be destroyed by the Space radiation.Thats highly interesting, Hitching says, that during Millers experiment with electricity discharges the four amino acids got survived only because they were taken out of the area of the discharges. If they continued to be there the discharge would break apart them. Supposing the amino acids to somehow get to the oceans and to escape the solar radiation of atmosphere there. And what then? Hitching explains Under the weewee cover there is not enough energy for the activation of the following chemical reactions the water itself hampers the deductive reasoning of complex molecules.Chemist Richard Dickerson considers the following Its hard to imagine polymerization taking place in the initial ocean, because the presence of water assists depolymerization only. Biochemist George World agrees with the above saying Its much much likely for the spontaneous dil ution to happen in water . All the arguments given above clearly refute to Stanley Millers theory. Yet, its still the only one explaining the reality we have.

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Geography Assignment- Globalisation of sport Essay Example for Free

geography Assignment- Globalisation of sport EssayBasketballA. When and where did the granular originate?Basketball was starting line invented in 1891. still the first formal rules were devised in 1982. Basketball was first originated in America at a groom called Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) by a group of boys. B. When and where the game was first played in Australia? The game was first played in 1905. It was first played also at YMCA but in Melbourne. C. How is this sport played? What are the basic rules?The game is played with a turn ball and two police squads with atomic number 23 players each. (Two guards, two forwards, and a centre.) The referee starts the game by tossing the ball in the air between the two opposing centre players, standing at the centre of the circle of the performing arc. The player who hits the ball may then pass, throw, tap or dribble the ball in each direction. The aim of this game is throwing the ball in the opponents basket while preventing the other team up from getting the ball and scoring goals.The basic rules are If you run or walk with the ball that is called travelling, which doer the other team gets the ball. If the ball is thrown over the basket it is considered out of bounds, which means the team who had it loses piazza of the ball, if you stop dribbling and start dribbling again it is known as double dribble, each team git only have up to 5 substitutes, two points given for a field goal, the games go for 40 minutes broken into halves, one point is rewarded for a free throw and you can not do any contact.D.Where is the sport played overseas?Map on the backE.Adaptionsi. How has the game been able for different contexts/localities It has been adapted by different forms. This means different ways of playing basketball. ii. Why has the game been adapted?A reason it has been adapted is So all participants can be involved. E.G people who cant do anything with their legs, wheelchair basketball was inv ented. F.For your sport list five Australia players who play overseas and who they play for, and five overseas players who play in Australia and who they play for. Present this information in a table.

Saturday, April 6, 2019

Majoring in Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Majoring in Philosophy tryAn event was organized in a school for students who were going to attend college soon. Their main aim was to underscore Major in doctrine. Many experts explained importance of doctrine. There be numerous reasons for choosing this feed. In philosophy major, students argon taught about how to interpret, imagine, converse, and write well. Philosophy answers many adult male quires which grouped into three traditional categories. These are axiology the conjecture of value, Epistemology the theory of knowledge, Metaphysics basic kinds of things exist. Students can success experty effected philosophy if they posses good level of reading comprehension, hydrofoil of thought, and good communication skill. Principles of philosophy apply to everyday life therefore courses are designed to lend oneself thoughts and theories from the history of philosophy to concentrate on real world issues in area of education, calling, law, public policy, and society. The p urposes of course in philosophy Major in applied ethics are particularly pertinent for students who are interested in the role played by ethical values in a miscellanea of professional settings.Philosophy courses are important because philosophical concepts, ideology, and process of inquiry are related in several fields. Whatever students learn in philosophy can be applied in a great deal all aspects of life. This course allows candidates to know when to use a liberal sprinkling of words and when to use visual sensation power. Philosophy is good area of study that provides a high degree of personal accomplishment. Students will in like manner call for opportunities to critically test the potential and the influence of contemporary theoretical and philosophical schools of thought in normal life.In studying profoundly about great philosophers, students can gain knowledge to phone thoroughly about every aspect of human life. Philosophy major allows students to observe relations among very different fields of thought such as science, religion, and ethics. This course widens skills in writing, in argumentation, and in the communication of complex ideas. Philosophy course equip students to develop inherent personal value. They can be intimate expansion of consciousness, self-discovery, self-renewal, and a more clear direction in life.In short, philosophy is learning for full life span. For doing philosophy major, candidate must be well versed in a colossal education and have good credits which must be upper division. Philosophy majors have the maximum average score of any major on the verbal reasoning, analytic writing scratch and on the quantitative reasoning section. The most clear career path for students majoring in philosophy is to complete graduation in philosophy and involve in teaching in reputed college or university.Many philosophy graduates choose non-academic profession. Philosophy major courses prepare students for vocations requiring a libera l arts education, including law, government, communication, management, the ministry, teaching, or even business administration. To summarize, event attended in school encourages students to join Philosophy Major to enhance career and sign steep success. It was communicated that philosophy is one of the most flexible majors in the humanities. It intersects with economics, politics, mathematics, psychology and history.Students studying philosophy will have a good understanding of about themselves and the world. In the event, professionals drew attention of students by stating important facts of philosophy. The reason of studying this course is that philosophy makes the mind healthy and develops numerous skills to sharpen human mind. If a person wants to develop a variety of skills that prepare him for a wide variety of understanding challenges, he must be serious in joining a philosophy major.

Friday, April 5, 2019

Health Belief Model Health And Social Care Essay

health Belief simulate Health And Social Care EssayOne of the wellness promotion model adopted for the Swine flu Project is the Health Belief Model (Becker 1974) and it aims in creating a physical environment that promotes choice of a healthier lifestyle (Ewles and Simnett 1999). This model suggests that commonwealth need to possess some kind of clue to pursue an action upon demeanor styles and health related decisions. But the individuals hardly implement healthy behaviour to delay specific diseases unless they believe in a way that they are susceptible to the disease.Health needs judging is a systematic process of identifying the health issues, targeting the needs of populations and taking an action in a exist effective way. Within the present study, these assessments were categorised in to 5 major steps that aim in obtaining relevant information about the topic and suggesting an action course (National Institute of Clinical Excellence, 2005). This assessment helps in gett ing a good knowledge on local contextual factors which ensure that any proposed treatment fits exactly with the Oxford Brookes University area context. Additionally, the base line characteristics pertaining to the disease prevalence assist in understanding the close of change after the implementation of strategies (Stevans, Gillam 1998).Nonetheless, this method is not suitable for the riskiness analysis study and gum olibanum without considering the possible barriers that may met in the long run, the success of this assessment programme seems to be highly so-called (Stevans, Gabbay 1991). Resource availability including funding, time and presence of other issues that compete for attention are the primary risk factors that need to be considered immediately. Besides this, the needs assessment is not effective in overcoming the behavioural changes of at intrapersonal level.IntroductionWithin the recent courses, the United Kingdom has observed a notable increase in the cases perta ining to Swine Flu. Swine Flu (or Swine Influenza) is a respiratory illness caused by influenza virus (H1N1 strain) that infect the pigs respiratory nerve tract and result in continuous nasal secretions, reduced appetite, barking-like cough and listless actions. World Health system declared the virus affecting the disease process as pandemic (June 2009) and the period following this year was announced as a post pandemic period (August 2010). By the year of 2009, a add number of 400 deaths were recorded in England as a consequence of disease outbreak. Subsequently in the year of 2010, around 4.88 million doses of H1N1 vaccine was provided to specific priority groups in United Kingdom (especially in England). The relative incidence as well as the prevalence rates of the disease was observed to be high(prenominal) deep down children of less than 5 years age. Before analysing the disease process, it is very important to understand the fantasy of health promotion and its effective application in the disease process (Department of Health 2009).Anecdotally, to reduce the incidence of causative virus (H1N1 Influenza) the government must frame an action plan with an ultimate goal of meliorate the life quality and well being (Lipatov et al., 2004). The methods to parent health associated behavioural changes, promoting environmental advocacy, providing more windup(prenominal) ventilators in communities and organisations (where in which the people accessibility is persisted at a higher rate), reducing the congestion and overfilling of areas with people and maintaining social distancing (another tactic) can be helpful. Usage of alcohol based sanitizers or foam hand sanitizers, lotion face masks and wearing gloves (to reduce the likelihood of hand-to-eye, hand-to-mouth transmissions) need to effectively followed by all the individuals disregarding of their age, sex and social class. Additionally, respiratory hygiene as a necessary intervention should be impleme nted and the awareness with relation to its benefits must be generalised to the local public (Centre for Disease Control, 2009). The hygiene within toilets, wash basins and other related sanitary places need to be monitored on a regular basis. Lastly, the government and local health organisations must necessitate the introduction of Vaccine (2009 Flu Pandemic Vaccine) to all the individuals to obtain protection against the virus and its deleterious effects (Food and Drug Administration 2009). The designed action plan cloth may assist in a way by minimising the incidence and disease prevalence thereby promoting health and well being.Knowledge of pandemic influenza virus persists to increase at a higher pace and the majority of clinical guidance that existed seems to be valid. Health promotion (a process of facilitating people to enhance the control over their health) strategies with relation to Swine Flu must designed to focus on the disease behaviour and its deleterious effects up on the individuals (Wise, bode 2009). Health promotion approaches to the disease process and the related efforts placed in to the education, community development, policy designing, legislation and regulation are equally legitimate for the prevention of this disease, its progression and associated problems. In addition, the health promotion strategies implemented also play an effective role in reducing the health inequalities or variations that persist at a higher rate in United Kingdom (Wise, Signal 2009).The present report provides an overview of the various methods targeted towards disease prevention in Oxford Brookes University. In addition, it highlights of models like Health assessment, Health Beliefs together with their usefulness and limitations.

The Indian Armed Forces

The Indian fortify ForcesThe Indian build up Forces have long enjoyed the reputation of cosmos unrivalled of the finest in the world. The armed forces render invaluable go to the country, in times of war as well as during peace, ensuring the credentials of the nation. They ar also called to help restore law and order, ensure the sentry go of the people in times of internal strife, provide help and relief to victims of natural calamities also tolerate to the building of vital infra coordinate facilities alike(p) roads and bridges in remote and war tear atomic number 18as.The Indian arm Forces are facing an acute shortfall of officers in all deuce-ace serve. The shortage of officers in the Army is around 11,500 and in the Navy, it is around 1507. Air Force is approx 1237 offrs short of its compulsion1. rumor of Problem.Is there a need to enhance the social standing of Armed Forces personnel to continue to lure the right talent to serve the nation?HypothesisThough the profession of arms is a sprightliness history non a career, lately, some decline in the multitude machine position social standing of the combatants, constituenticularly the officer cellular phone of the triplet divine services has been perceived. It has led to the present generation of y out(p)h preferring other professions, leading to a significant shortage of officers in all the terzetto services. If not arrested, this trend can get provoked and begin to compromise operative efficiency of our Armed Forces.Justification For the StudyThough the subject of status of Armed Forces has been touched upon by a crowing number of eminent personalities, no writer has comprehensibly address the complete issue. The onslaught of all the writers was either towards financial aspirations or changing social environment or it was a fragmented effort, touching a large number of inter-related issues, eg promotional aspects social standing in civil orderliness.Prominent writings on present day leadership challenges, change in socio frugal environment, growing involvement of Armed Forces in IS duties, changes in the rationalise of anteriority etc along with practical approaches to sports meeting the present day challenges have been drawn up by a large number of soldiers minds, journalists, politicians eminent scholars. It is felt that there is a requirement of articulation of these works in a spatiotemporal manner to recommend an appropriate approach towards the issue.Scope.This paper aims to highlight the erosion in status in the Armed Forces starting from the time of Independence. The reasons for this erosion will be debated. The wish of intent and complete purpose of vindication and civil personnels will be brought to light. Finally some recommendations for making the exoneration advantages more attractive would be discussed.MethodologyIt is proposed to study the subject in the following parts-(a) Part I. situation of Armed Forces military of ficers out front Independence.(b) Part II. Post Independence era.(c) Part III. hold committee effects.(d) Part IV. antecedent of Precedence Present post.(e) Part VI. Intent and endeavor with Limitations Positives(f) Part VIII. Recommendations.Source of DataThe study has been conducted ground on books and columns written by eminent writers on the subject, official history and gazete notifications of GOI, newspaper articles and write ups from net income sites. A bibliography of sources is attached.PART ISTATUS OF ARMED FORCES OFFICER BEFORE INDEPENDENCE contendrant of Precedence Before 1947Status of the Commander-in-Chief. The second of Precedence of British India kept the Armed Forces Officers on a truly high pedestal. The Precedence in India was regulated till the independence by a Royal Warrant which was promulgated on the 6th of May 18712. As per the Royal Warrant, the Army Chief, the erstwhile Commander-in-Chief was high in coterie to the Chief Justice of the perem ptory Court while Military Officers preceding(prenominal) rate of Major-General were higher than the Judge Advocate General of India also the Secretaries to the giving medication of India.Status of the Major-Generals. It is important to note that First mannikin civicians of 28 years standing were equated with Major-Generals while in the present day it is with IAS of 14 years of service. uniformly Civilians of 20 years standing were equated with Colonels and included tutelageers of Divisions.Status of the Colonels Below. Inspector General of legal philosophy, then the highest post in any state were similarly equated with Chief Engineers were in the similar league as the Colonels. The next bulls eye comprised of the Third Class Civilians of 12 years standing who were equated with the Lieutenant-Colonels. These comprised of the Under-Secretaries to Government of India, Inspector-Generals of Jails etc. The next strain comprised of the quartern Class Civilians of 8 years sta nding who were equated with the major and so on.The Comparison. It is evident from the above par, the high watch of the officers of the Armed Forces which they enjoyed during the era. The Inspector General was responsible for the complete state but was considered equivalent to a Colonel of a Battalion with 20-25 officers. The akin was required because the State machinery was generally static but the Armed Forces were considered to be workings in a volatile environment requiring split second decision making which resulted in a situation of life death. There was no requirement felt of large number of officers in the patrol, where the air was to catch thieves and petty criminals. This task was put in suitable for the lower staff in the police forces comprising one Darogah, one Jamadhar and a number of constables who were maintained at each district headquarters3. Later the same were controlled by the Deputy Superintendent, Inspectors, Head Constables and Constables.The India n Armed Forces as the Preferred Occupation of Royals and DynastiesThe Kashtriya Way of Life. Kashtriya message warrior formed one of the four varnas (social orders) in Hinduism. Kshatriyas constituted the military and ruling elite of the Vedic-Hindu social formation outlined by the Vedas and the Laws of Manu4. A Kshatriya was a fighting man, he was bound by the holy scriptures to tell as a Dharma-Raja, with the main duties be protection of his subjects and livestock. The people looked upon Kshatriyans to protect them from all dangers. The great kings and generals on ancient and medieval India took pride in their Kshatriya lineage and took pride in universe the kings and warriors in the army.The British Age. During the British Empire, most of the royals had to give up the rights to their land. Some of the royal dynasties flush acted as British protectorates. In such times, only some of the dynasties could kept their own armies but the same was not affirmable with the small st ates. In time, it became a tradition of the royal princesses to either join the British Indian Army or to command their own troops in their small princely states. It was considered bounteous for these princes to command troops in the old Kshatriya bearings, be it in the Indian army or the state troops.Serving the Army. Due to the above reasons, the British Indian Army was always associated with the rich royalty who served its downrights often rising to the officer cadre delinquent to their competence and efficiency. Even later independence, the tradition continued. The Indian royalty found itself in the whos who of Indian army with few of them rising up to the highest ranks while serving the Army. Some of the prominent names among them are Colonel Sardar Bahadur Muzzaffar Jung Bahadur Thakur Girdhari Singh, O.B.E, O.B.I Brigadier Th. Harish Chandra Singh, V.S.M. of Kuchela royal family5 Capt Amarinder Singh of Patiyala royal family6 Brig Sukhjit Singh, MVC of Kapurthala royal family7 Brigadier Bhawani Singh, MVC of Jaipur royal family8.The tradition of joining the Army piecemeal started to decline with time. The reasons can be attributable to a large number of facts to include the changing socio economics, the changing of family values and the perceived social standing of Armed Forces personnel in civil society.PART IIPOST INDEPENDENCE ERA START OF THE DECLINEInvolvement of Mil in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Mayanmar in their pol affairsDuring the middle of 20th Century, most of the countries in Indian peninsula got their independence. Independent India found itself sandwiched amidst large numbers of politically unstable states in which the military frequently thrust itself in the political athletic field replacing the electiveally elected political leaders. Large numbers of coups were accomplished by the military in the nearest neighborhood of India which canled mistrust for the Indian Generals in the political circle. The political class often fou nd itself worried because of presence of influential leaders in the military.Military coups in Pakistan began in 1958 and number troika successful attempts. There have also been numerous unsuccessful attempts since 1949. Since its independence in 1947, Pakistan has spent several(prenominal) decades nether military rule (1958 1971, 1977 1988, 1999 2008)9.On the other hand, Bangladesh had military coups in 1975, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1996 then in 2007. Bangladesh remained under military rule from 1975 1990 under two different military rulers10. Mayanmar had its share of military rule when democratic rule ended in 1962 when General Ne Win led a military coup dtat11only after fourteen years of democracy.The reaction by the politicians to all of the above was obvious. Firstly the defensive structure operate were increasingly isolated from the process of decision making in defence matters. During the British era, India was perhaps the only country in the world which had a single Comma nder-in-Chief for all the three inspection and repairs. In 1947, this arrangement was discarded and each Service came to have its own Commander-in-Chief, independent of each other. The terminology of the three Chiefs was changed in 1955 from Commanders-in-Chief to Chiefs of Staff. In this set up, the Chiefs of Staff are not part of the Ministry. They are not authorized to nonplus any decision on behalf of the Government nor issue any Government orders. These functions are performed by civil officials in the Ministry of Defence (MoD). The Service Chiefs continue to function as Commanders-in-Chief of their Service12. distributively war step-upd the popularity of the Indian Army among the common masses and the status of the service chiefs was lowered after sequential wars in the Official Warrant of Precedence due to the perceived threat of a possible coup by the Armed Forces. Such was the popularity of eminent military leaders like Field place Sam Manekshaw after the 1971 Banglad esh libration that late Indira Ghandhi feared a massive military coup in 197713.Mistrust of the governmental class fuelled by Bureaucrats. The mistrust of politicians for the military generals was always exploited by the bureaucrats in e really way to increase the rift in the midst of them. The incidents of armed rebellions coups in the neighboring countries the world over always added fuel to the fire. Gradually the military generals were sidelined by their political masters the bureaucrats made a place for themselves in between the political masters the military started making important decisions which made an impact on national security matters.Tradition History of Police RanksThe Police followed the following ashes of rank badges till about independence (a) Superintendent of Police / Assistant Inspector General of Police. Three atomic number 82s (Upgraded to Crown on reaching the raw material cook up scale of Rs 950/-).(b) Deputy Inspector General of Police. Crown wi th one Star.(c) Inspector General of Police (highest police rank). Crown with Two Stars.In the late 1950s and early 60s, the police establishment went in for a major(ip) overhaul and upgradation of rank badges. This followed the introduction of additional ranks such as Selection score etc. To meet new ranks, rank badges were appropriately upwardly modified. Contrary to popular perception, the Ministry of Defence very vehemently protested the rank muddiness created by junior police officers wearing senior military rank badges but the issue was sorted out in a high level meeting between MHA and MoD (the meeting is documented and minuted) where it was rather unusually concluded that there could be no confusion between police and military ranks since police rank badges are silver in colour whereas military ranks are made of brass, and it was also decided that rank badges would not reflect the actual status comparison of military and police officers. This later resulted in the rank of wear down (then effected by kick in and by the MHA as being between a Lt Col and a full Colonel) wearing rank badges as worn by a Brigadier of the Army. So far so good. But this came to haunt the military years later when by forgetting the historical background of the issue police officers started demanding status and profit par by virtue of the rank badges worn. The skewed situation got adversely solidified when the 6th CPC commented about an established relativity theory between a Brig and a crack in all probability based on the jibeity of brass carried on the shoulders by the two ranks14.PART IIIPAY COMMISSION set upEffect of Successive remuneration representationsThe Post War yield delegacy of 1946. The first attempt at rationalisation of the remuneration structure was made by the Post War Committee in 1946. The mendate of the Committee was to produce pay scales exclusively to Indian conditions, to simplify the pay system and achieve maximum amount of specie of har mony between the three Services. A decision was also eatn by the Government that the prospective pays of the Armed Forces should be linked with civil pays. Based on these parameters and guided by the Post War Pay Code of the British Armed Forces, the Post War Committee recommended a remuneration system based on the following equations15-(a) Service officers should broadly receive equal treatment with police officers.(b) A fully trained infantry soldier with three years service was equated with a semi-skilled worker who in turn was equated with an Able Seaman of the Navy and the juniormost Leading Aircraftman of the Air Force.Comparison of Officers. The closest comparator to Defence Services officers was identified as the Police as both wore a similar uniform due to the fact that the Indian Police was manned by mostly retired British Army Officers in the past. This relativity had no other logic with regard to line of merchandise content. The same continues till date, much to the d etriment of the Service officers pay scales. In establishing this relativity, it was agreed that the end of the Maj scale should not exceed the end of the Senior sequence Scale of the Police in which the SP was placed, thereby establishing a linkage between the two. The next link in the Police then was the wear. The Service representatives sought a linkage of the DIG with the rank of Lt Col. However, DIG was ultimately placed between the service ranks of Lt Col and Col. oneness of the factors in establishing this linkage was that the three pillars of administration, namely the DIG of a Range, the Commissioner of a Division and the Commander of a Military District (of the rank of Colonel) had near very(a) years of service, were of approximately the same age and required to socially interact with each other.The Raghuramaiah Committee Report. end to the Second Pay Commissions Report in 1960, a departmental Committee, headed by Shri Raghuramaiah, examined the pay and allowances of the Armed Forces. It state that16-The Service representatives felt that pay scales approximating to the scales prevalent on the civil side were preferable to the existing pay structure, but that a revision would be such a complex and lengthy process that it was not practicable at the present juncture. In view of these practical difficulties, we decided that the present pay structure might be retained until such time as the Government finds it convenient to carry out a detailed review.Initiation of Major Changes in Cadre Structure by IAS IPS. As the advantage of a review of their conditions of service and pay scales could not be done, the Armed Forces emerged into the post second Pay Commission scene with a arithmetical revision of their pay and allowances. At this stage the Civil Services, oddly the IAS and IPS, initiated major changes in their cadre structure. A Selection Grade was introduced in the IPS, between the SP and DIG. This grade was equated to the service rank of Col and pressure was built up for revision of DIGs pay scale. By 1969, the DIG had overtaken the rank of Col, and started drawing relativity with the ranks of Commodore and Brigadier, thereby lowering the status and relativity of the Armed Service Officer vis a vis the Police.The Third Pay Commission. In early 1970, the Government while announcing the formation of the 3rd Pay Commission, for the first time, entrusted the task of reviewing the pay and allowances of the Armed Forces to a Pay Commission and not to a Departmental Committee. However, there was a major difference between the terms of reference as applicable to the Armed Forces and that of the civilians. In the case of the Armed Forces, the Commission was not asked to make recommendations on the conditions of service but take them as given. This difference was prominently highlighted by the Commission in their report. On the question of the presentation of the Services case, the Commission was of the view that the service per sonnel should have the liberty to represent their case directly before them like civilian employees. But this request to the Ministry of Defence was turned down on the grounds that the requirement of Armed Forces discipline would not permit such an approach. Thus the three Services could not justify their case directly to the Pay Commission. As a result, many of the anomalies injected by earlier Committees remained uncorrected17.Status of Officers. The main thrust of the services was to seek parity in pay scales with the IAS. The Third Pay Commission was of the view however that the officer cadre of the Armed Forces was an omnibus group of individuals of varying disciplines, status and job responsibilities. Whilst there would certainly be some categories, though difficult to identify, who could claim parity with the IAS, the 60,000 strong Armed Forces officer cadre could at best be compared with the Class I officers cadre which had a similar disparate composition. Parity with IAS w as therefore not accepted and the existing relativities were retained18.Expert Cell. The Ministry of Defence right away created an Expert Cell comprising the Chairmen of the three Services Pay Cells, a colligation Secretary and an Additional pecuniary Adviser. The Expert Cell was asked to scrutinise the Memorandum of each Service and give their own views to the Pay Commission. unluckily no agreement could be reached between the Service Members on the one side and the Ministry of Defence on the other. Eventually a report was submitted only by the Service Members. This resulted in the impact of their report being lost and the Third Pay Commission had to seek views of Ministry of Defence seperately.Compensation for X Factor. In the British Armed Forces Pay Structure, the X factor compensated for the uniqueness and distinct disadvantages of service life. Service central office sought the extension of the X factor to the Indian Armed Forces. The Third Pay Commission examined the adv antages and disadvantages of Service life, considered that the former outweighed the latter and concluded that there was no justification for the X factor. One of the advantages of naval life taken into consideration was the opportunity for naval personnel to visit distant foreign countries at Government expense19.Formulation of Rank Pay. The third pay commission also crafted a rank pay out of the existing pay for defence personals. This was to differentiate the pay from Captain to Brigadier in a running pay band. It was specified by the pay commission that the rank pay was part of sanctioned pay for calculation of all emoluments for consideration of status. The successive pay commissions continued with the same. But in the ordinal pay commission, when the rank pay was abolished, the pay of all service personals was calculated erroneously as rank pay was not taken into consideration. This created a major anomaly.Research of XLRI Jamshedpur for sixth pay Commission in Estimating apostrophize of Benefits For Armed Forces to government Incongruous DeductionsXLRI Jamshedpur was tasked by the sixth pay commission to estimate cost of benefits of all government servants including defence personals. In their estimate, mundane things like loans for housing, car computer, canteen facilities, medical care etc were taken into consideration to calculate the cost of living of defence personals. The picture thus pasted was a very rosy one. The problems faced by defence personals in form of frequent transfers, separation from family, lack of stable education for wards of defence personals were not taken into consideration.Comparison with IPS, PMF and Other gp A servicesThe sixth pay commission compared the Brigadier rank of Defence forces with DIG of the IPS. This comparison was wrong because the DIG was placed between Lt Col Col in all previous comparisons. The DIG wore the insignia of Ashoka a Star till early 1970s but later it was changed to Ashoka three Stars. On being questioned, it was clarified by the MoH that police ranks wear Silver Stars which was different from the Brass Stars of the military hence no comparison was possible.The Commission also used the PMF for comparison with the Armed Forces forgetting that PMFs are not convention A services. A service is considered Group A service only if at least 80 % of its employees hold ranks equivalent to Jt Secy above. The same was utilized by the bureaucracy in creating a rift between the Armed Forces the CPMFs quoting the problems faced in empowerment of CPMFs whenever the injustice faced by the Armed Forces were highlighted.Delinking the rank pay from the basic pay caused a major setback to the pay parity of Armed Forces with the other Group A services. Certain ranks with a higher pay scale till fifth pay commission turned up with a lower grade pay after the ordinal Pay Commission. In a noteworthy judgment, the unequivocal Court of India directed that Rank Pay forms part of Basic P ay. The same was prayed by the Govt of India to reconsider the same is still pending.Comparison with Defence Support ServicesIt mustiness also be brought to light that Defence Support Services like Defence account services, Ordinance Board Services etc which are earlier existing for supporting the Armed Forces now enjoy a better pay scale that what is enjoyed by the services they serve. Also the promotion rate is much faster with an officer making it to Jt Secy level in 16 yrs while a equivalent Maj Gen makes it after almost 32 yrs of service.The Govt Doctors also have a faster promotion rate due to the MACP scheme but the same could never be employ for Armed Forces doctors due to the acute disparity they would cause.PART IVWARRANT OF PRECEDENCE PRESENT human bodySuccessive Lowering of StatusThe status of Armed Forces Officers was lowered after each war as it was perceived by the civil society that the image of Armed Forces Officers was augmenting the political as well as bur eaucratic class found itself threatened by the same.Analysis Effects of 6th pay commission to Include Financial EffectsThe pay commission was near sighted in determining the grade pay of Armed Forces Officers but when faced with a large amount of criticism, it delinked grade pay from status clarified that grade pay was only for determining inter services seniority. This was a knee shoot down reaction but the damage was done. The grade pay differences was not only to be used to go down the seniority for all practical purposes but also determined the amount of Entitlements Benefits for all personals. This caused a major Financial Loss to all personals including loss of Social Standing among peers.Misinterpretation of the Warrant by Vested InterestsThe Warrant of Precedence shows Jt Secy to the GOI to be equivalent to Maj Gen. The official warrant does not cover the lower ranks. This was taken as a guide map by vested interests in equating all civil posts of IG police similar pos ts with a Maj Gen. In view of the above, it must be stated that very few posts are equivalent to Jt Secy to the GOI posts like IG police of a state is not equivalent un little empanelled by the GOI. These minor rules are not known by a large number of people are being used by some persons for their advantage.The Economic Boom the Present IS SituationThe boom in the economy added to the aspiration of all persons including that of the Armed Forces. The present IS situation also increased the commitments lead to further increase in difficulties faced by the Defence personal. The same was not adequately compensated by the successive pay commissions or the government thus causing a steady decline in their strata in the society.Status as Perceived by the SocietyIn the present society where the visible factors of money power are taken as guidelines for deciding the Social Standing of a person, the persons of Armed Forces take a beating. This has caused a visible change in the social environment has also affected the dream of officers in the Armed Forces.This of status has even affected the parity which is perceived by the civil society which can be seen from various agencies intake of ex-servicemen. In a recent UCO bank intake, the post of earnest Officer was open to Commissioned Officer in Army (Captain)/Navy (Lieutenant)/Air Force (Flight Lieutenant) and to all officer in the rank of Inspector (Executive)/Inspector (GD) from Para-Military forces like BSF, CRPF, ITBP, CISF etc.Shortage of Officers in the Armed ForcesThe Armed Forced are facing a acute shortage of officers in all three services. The shortage of officers in the Army is around 11,500 and in the Navy, the shortage is around 1606. The numbers which are less in Air Force is around 1342. This shortage is causing serious hamper in the operational efficiency of the services the trend need to be arrested at the earliest.Noteworthy JudgmentRank Pay Judgment Maj Dhanapalan case are major judgments o f Honorable Supreme Court of India stating rank pay forming part of basic pay for all intent purposes.The Supreme Court slamming the union for treating Armed Forces personnel like beggars in respect of emoluments and pension asking authorities to adopt a more humane approach towards those bravely defending the countrys borders.Treatment of Veterans by Civil and MilitaryThe agenda of One Rank One Pay is present in the election manifesto of most of the National parties but no society in power has done anything on the same except giving lip service. The ex-servicemen returning their medals to the hot seat of India was a day of national shame but no concrete steps have still been taken to meet the demands.PART VLACK OF INTENT AND ENDEAVOR CERTAIN POSITIVESApproach of Govt to Incl Politicians and Civil BureaucratsThe apathy towards Armed Forces was well observed when the Committee of Secretaries formed to look after the anomaly of Sixth Pay Commission was formed without a military member and established more anomalies in its verdict. The Group of Ministers formed after the same to look into possible anomalies has not given any verdict even after a year of its formation.When the veterans demanding One Rank One Pension marched toward the Rashtrapati Bhavan for returning their medals, the President who is the Supreme Commander of Armed Forces did not even feel it important to meet them and assigned a Joint Secretary to receive the medals in her behalf.Negating the Effects of AVC CommissionAVC Commission lowered the intake service for the rank of Captain to two years and that of Major to six years. This was done to increase the satisfaction level of the officers of the three services. The same effect was reversed by the Sixth Pay Commission in which the grade pay of all ranks Captain onwards was lowered such that now the Major equaled the Captain of the pre-AVC Commission days. It must be noted here that the Major of post AVC Commission is not even authorized the Majors Accommodation he possesses in a military put up but now being equal to a erstwhile Captain, is authorized only the Captains Accommodation. This may not be a area of extend to in a pure military station, but causes major embarrassments in a mixed station where the status has declined substantially. Similar problems exist for all military ranks.The Working of Mil MachineryBefore the